Proper Op Amp Termination

I've been designing a sampler recently (sorry, there won't be a stripboard for that, it's way too complicated!) however I was using a quad opamp for a part of it but I only needed 3 of the op-amps which gave me the idea to post a little tutorial on the correct way to terminate unused op-amps and a brief explanation why (I'm sure there are very in depth youtube videos/documents elsewhere)

the extremely brief reason to terminate a op-amp correctly is that it may draw extra current or it will pick up noise (or both)

Bi-Polar (BJT) Through Hole Transistor Package Types

I found this cool little info thing from the 1970's so I though I would share it:

Guitar FX Switching Diagrams

I keep getting requests to do some diagrams on how to wire up guitar FX circuits so I've done the ones I use.

Making A Current Blasting Power Supply With Old ATX Power Supplies

what is Current Blasting? I hear you ask..
Well sometimes when you have a fault with a piece of equipment it's not always easy to track down the issue - it usually comes down to a failed component that has shorted internally - a single failed component of possibly thousands so one method of tracking it down is blasting it with high current (at a low voltage)
It is quite a fun method of trouble shooting because most of the time the failed component explodes off the board, starts smoking or gets very hot.
so what's the best method of doing this? well get a high amp power supply which costs loads of money OR make one out of an old computer power supply.
You have probably seen people make power supplies out of these before for powering their projects which I don't personally think is that great of an idea because of the high current involved but you can use it for that if you wish.

The reason why these things are great for current blasting purposes is because the junked one I have (which is from a very cheap case that had a power supply on it) has a 5volt rail of 27 amps, a 12 volt rail of 13 amps and a 3.3volt rail of 25 amps. which as you can imagine is more than enough.

now for the usual "danger" crap...
I'm sure by now you're used to reading disclaimers and warnings to the point of being desensitized by it and it is easy to ignore these things.
but these things can be very dangerous so you need to take a lot of care when building/hacking these things. They have a lot of capacitors which may retain high energy even when the unit is unplugged. you NEED to make sure they are discharged before you start handling it - that goes for the filter capacitor on the IEC mains input - sometimes they don't have a bleed resistor and can discharge 240 volts (or whatever your local voltage is) into you which I can assure you bloody hurts.

2 Things you must be aware of to use these things

1. in order to switch it on you need to solder the Green wire to Ground (black wire) I suggest
doing this by means of a switch. The green wire will be labelled "PS" or "PSON" on the main PCB

2. some ATX power supplies need a minimum load to function which is around 200mA
to achieve this you must bridge the 5 volt and Ground terminal with a 22Ω resistor.

if you're interested in how this was worked out you can use ohms law
R(resistance)=V(voltage)/I(current) so you type into your Calculator
5 / .200 = 25 so you have the answer 25Ω and you round down to your nearest value which was 22Ω in my case


Anyway here are some pictures, if you have any questions don't hesitate to ask. 

Bare ATX PCB

very cheap supply I found in my shed

I found this on the net some time ago, I'm not sure who it belongs to so if it's yours let me know and I will credit you and your site

How To Work Out Parallel Resistance (If You're Completely New To Theory And Don't Get Maths)

First of all you need a Scientific calculator to "play along" I know the one in windows is adequate if you don't have one, I'm not sure what the Mac one is like but I'm sure it will be fine. I personally use a Casio Fx-7000G - it's from the 80's and it's ace - go on eBay and try and find one. I'll put a picture of it below.

Hope this helps anyone who has struggled with it.

Once you Have grasped it you can go test your skills HERE

Ignore the Numbers That's Nothing To Do With This Article

Electronic Symbols

I've been quite unwell so I have been unable to face firing up the soldering iron, I've just been lying in bed feeling sorry for myself - I do have a few layouts but they aren't verified yet so I won't post them yet. however I did sit in bed drawing out some of electronic symbols I use the most (and by extension everyone else should too!) so I will share the scan here - hopefully people will find it useful.